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Cooling delivered The model calculates the cooling delivered by the peak load cooling system in the Equipment Selection worksheet and it is copied automatically to the Energy Model worksheet. The percentage of the cooling delivered by the peak load cooling system over the proposed case cooling system energy demand is also calculated. This is an optional equipment and its use will depend on how critical the cooling loads are, and whether or not the peak load cooling system is sufficient to provide all the back-up cooling.

Type The user enters optional back-up cooling system type considered if required. Capacity The user enters the capacity of the optional back-up cooling system. Back-up cooling system might be part of a system. Back-up cooling system is used if the loss of cooling will have a significant impact e.

For example, a back-up cooling system might be utilised in the case of a cooling system shutdown or during maintenance of the other systems. System design graph The System design graph summarises essential design information for the user. The stacked bar graph on the right shows the CHP. The user also selects, by ticking the box, which system or fuel might be able to take advantage of clean energy production credits. This information will be used in the Financial Summary calculations.

Heating project Site conditions Nearest location for weather data The user enters the weather station location with the most representative weather conditions for the project. This is for reference purposes only. The heating design temperature is used to determine the heating demand. Note: The heating design temperature values found in the RETScreen Online Weather Database were calculated based on hourly data for 12 months of the year. The user might want to overwrite this value depending on local conditions.

The user should be aware that if they choose to modify the heating design temperature, the monthly degree-days and the heating loads might have to be adjusted accordingly. Degree-days for a given day represent the number of Celsius degrees that the mean temperature is above or below a CHP. Domestic hot water heating base demand The user enters the estimated domestic hot water DHW heating base demand as a percentage of the total heating needs excluding process heating.

If no domestic hot water heating is required, the user enters 0. Selecting process heating only without space heating for “Base case heating system” will hide this cell and the Equivalent degree-days for DHW heating cell. Selecting process heating only without space heating for “Base case heating system” will hide this cell and the Domestic hot water heating base demand cell.

Equivalent full load hours The model calculates the equivalent full load hours, which is defined as the annual total heating demand divided by the total peak heating load for a specific location. This value is expressed in hours and is equivalent to the number of hours that a heating system sized exactly for the peak heating load would operate at rated capacity to meet the annual total heating demand.

Typical values for the equivalent full load hours range from 1, to 4, hours for space heating. The upper range increases if the system has a high domestic hot water heating load or process heating load.

The monthly degree-days are the sum of the degree-days for each day of the month. Base case heating system The user selects the heating load type from the drop-down list. Technical note on heating network design The purpose of this technical note is to provide the user with a sample design of a district heating network used within the RETScreen model. The example described below refers to the values presented in the Base case heating system section example and the Proposed case district heating network section example.

The thermal energy is distributed using networks of insulated underground arterial pipeline main distribution line and branch pipelines secondary distribution lines. The network can either be designed as a branched system, as shown in the Community System Building Cluster Layout, or as a looped system.

This figure shows how the different building clusters are connected to the main distribution line i. Note that the office building cluster 4 and the apartment building cluster 5 are not put in the same building cluster as they have different heating loads.

If they are put together the secondary pipe size will be incorrect. For process heating only, this value is entered for reference purposes only. A building zone is any number of similar sections of a building connected to a single point of the distribution system. Note: When the user enters 0 or leaves the heated floor area per building zone cell blank, the remaining cells of the column in this section are hidden.

For process heating only, this value is entered for reference purposes only, but it has to be entered for each building zone considered in order to enter inputs in the remaining cells of the column. Heated floor area per building cluster The user enters the total heated floor space per building cluster. A building cluster is any number of similar buildings connected to a single point of the distribution system. The user obtains this value for each of the buildings included in the heating system and summarises the values to enter the cluster total heated floor area see Technical note on heating network design.

Note: When the user enters 0 or leaves the heated floor area per building cluster cell blank, the remaining cells of the column in this section are hidden. For process heating only, this value is entered for reference purposes only, but it has to be entered for each building cluster considered in order to enter inputs in the remaining cells of the column. Number of buildings in building cluster The user enters the number of buildings in each building cluster. Fuel type The user selects the fuel type for the base case heating system from the drop-down list.

Seasonal efficiency The user enters the seasonal efficiency of the base case heating system. Typical values of heating system efficiency are presented in the CHP. If this value is not known e. This value depends on the heating design temperature for the specific location and on the building insulation efficiency.

Peak process heating load The user enters the peak process heating load for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. This value depends on the process type and size used in the building, but it is assumed to be weather independent. If the process heating load or a portion of it is weather dependent e. Process heating load characteristics The user selects the process heating load characteristics from the drop-down list. The “Detailed” option allows the user to enter the percentage of time the process is operating on a monthly basis in the “Base case load characteristics” section located at the bottom of this worksheet.

If the “Standard” option is selected, the process load is assumed to be the same for each month of the year and is calculated based on the peak process heating load and the equivalent full load hours for the process heating load. Equivalent full load hours – process heating The equivalent full load hours for the process heating load is defined as the annual process heating demand divided by the peak process heating load. This value is expressed in hours and is equivalent to the number of hours that a heating system sized exactly for the peak process heating load would operate at rated capacity to meet the annual process heating demand.

If the “Standard” option for the process heating load characteristics is selected, the user enters the equivalent full load hours for the process heating load. If the “Detailed” option for the process heating load characteristics is selected, the user has to enter the percentage CHP.

Space heating demand The model calculates the annual space heating demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster, which is the amount of energy required to heat the space including domestic hot water.

Process heating demand The model calculates the annual process heating demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster, which is the amount of energy required for process heating. Total heating demand The model calculates the annual total heating demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. This value is copied automatically in the Financial Summary worksheet. Total peak heating load The model calculates the annual total peak heating load for the building, the building zone or the building cluster.

It typically coincides with the coldest day of the year for space heating applications. This value is copied automatically to the Financial Summary worksheet.

Fuel consumption – unit The model displays the unit used for the fuel type selected for each building zone or building cluster. Fuel rate – unit The model displays the unit used for the fuel type selected for each building zone or building cluster. Fuel rate The user enters the fuel rate price per unit fuel for the type of fuel consumed by the base case heating system. Fuel cost The model calculates the fuel cost for the base case heating system. Proposed case energy efficiency measures End-use energy efficiency measures The user enters the percent of the base case heating system’s total peak heating load that is reduced as a result of implementing the proposed case end-use energy efficiency measures.

This value is used to calculate the heating system average load in the “Proposed case load characteristics” section at the bottom of this worksheet, as well as the net peak heating load and the net heating demand for the proposed case system.

Note: These proposed case end-use energy efficiency measures are in addition to the improvements in energy efficiency that result from implementing the proposed case system, as calculated in the other worksheets. Net peak heating load The model calculates the annual net peak heating load for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. This is the instantaneous heat required from the proposed case heating system to meet the largest space heating load including domestic hot water CHP.

Net heating demand The model calculates the annual net heating demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. Proposed case district heating network This section is used to prepare a preliminary design and cost estimate for the proposed case district heating network. The pipe diameter varies depending on the heating load of the system. When pipe length is used in this section it refers to trench length with two pipes.

The heat losses for a district heating system vary depending on many factors. For example, an area with snow cover for a long period has fewer losses than an area with similar temperatures and no snow cover.

In the RETScreen model, heat losses have not been included as a separate line item. These numbers change if the pipe length is short and energy delivered is high.

Heating pipe design criteria Design supply temperature The user enters the design supply temperature for the district heating network. If a mixed plastic and steel system is designed the rating for the plastic pipes governs the maximum water CHP. Medium Temperature MT supply is typical for steel pipe systems. Low Temperature LT supply is typical for plastic pipe or mixed type systems. High temperature district heating systems are very rare and typically use supply temperatures that are well above temperatures shown in the graph, i.

Design return temperature The user enters the design return temperature for the district heating network. A low return temperature is desirable. Lower return temperatures make it possible to reduce pipe sizes and achieve higher efficiencies for waste heat recovery. Medium Temperature MT return is typical for district heating systems with old and new buildings.

Low Temperature LT return represents a system with buildings specifically designed for district heating and optimisation of the return temperature.

High temperature district heating systems are very rare. Differential temperature The model calculates the differential temperature from the difference between design supply and design return temperatures. This value is used to calculate the size of the district heating pipes. The first section exiting the plant typically has the largest pipe diameter as it has to serve all the buildings.

The pipe diameter is reduced as the load decreases farther away from the plant. The type of pipe can change from steel to plastic if the system is designed as a low temperature supply system i. Note: If the system consists of only one building connected to the plant, this pipe is considered to be a secondary line.

The pipes are then automatically sized for a load that is increased by the oversizing factor entered by the user. Pipe oversizing is used if it is expected that the system load will increase in the future. The oversizing factor is also used to test how much extra load the selected system can accommodate.

This is achieved by changing the factor until the pipe size is increased. Pipe sections The user indicates by selecting from the drop-down list whether or not a building cluster is connected to a section of the main distribution line. The length refers to trench length with two pipes.

The user also specifies the length of each section of the main distribution line. The model then calculates the total load connected to the section and selects the pipe size using the oversizing factor. For more information, see example in the Technical note on heating network design. The selection of pipe size for this model uses a simplified method. Before construction, it is necessary to verify that the selected pipe system will be able to withstand all relevant actions and fulfil the safety and functional requirements during its entire service life.

The final pipe size needs to be verified using detailed calculations including pipe length and factor in the number of valves, connection points, elbows, etc.

Total pipe length for main distribution line The model calculates the total pipe length for the main heating distribution network. Secondary heating distribution lines The secondary distribution lines are the parts of the district heating pipe system that connect individual buildings to the main distribution line. If the system consists only of one building connected to the plant, this pipe is considered a secondary line.

Secondary network pipes are not oversized if, for example, the new buildings that are intended to be connected in the future will be independent of the existing secondary lines. Length of pipe section The user enters the length of each building cluster section of the secondary distribution line.

In a cluster of buildings of the same size, the user should insert the total length of pipe used to connect to the main distribution line. For more information, see the Technical note on heating network design. Pipe size The model calculates the pipe size for each building load of the building cluster. Note that the pipe size is selected using the oversizing factor. District heating network cost Total pipe length The model calculates the total pipe length as the sum of the total pipe length for the main heating distribution line and the total length of pipe section for the secondary heating distribution lines.

If the “Formula” costing method is selected, the model calculates the costs according to built-in formulas. If the “Detailed” costing method is selected, the user enters the Energy Transfer Station ETS and secondary distribution pipes costs per building cluster and the main distribution line pipe cost by pipe size categories. The costs calculated by the “Formula” costing method are based on typical Canadian project costs as of January The user can adjust these costs to local conditions using the cost factors and the exchange rate in the cells below.

If the “Detailed” costing method is selected, the user enters these costs. The building’s heating system is normally connected indirectly to the district heating system via energy transfer stations located in the basement or where a boiler would normally be located.

Direct systems connect the district heating system directly to the building’s heating system; however, there is still a cost associated to the connection of the system. Energy transfer station s cost factor If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then an energy transfer station s cost factor can be entered.

This factor is used to modify the built-in formula to compensate for local variations in construction costs, inflation, etc. Main distribution line pipe cost factor If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then a main distribution line pipe cost factor can be entered. Secondary distribution line pipe cost factor If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, the secondary distribution line pipe cost factor can be entered.

The rate entered must be the value of one Canadian dollar expressed in the currency in which the project costs are reported. Energy transfer station s cost If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then the model calculates the energy transfer station s cost for all the buildings in each cluster using the Typical Costs for Indirect Heating Energy Transfer Station s graph.

If the “Detailed” costing method is selected, then the user enters the energy transfer station s cost per building cluster. The model then calculates the total costs for all building clusters. The costs shown for the energy transfer station include supply and installation in a new building. If the building needs to be converted from steam or electric baseboard heating, the costs are substantially higher and should be confirmed by a local contractor.

It should be noted that building owners sometimes choose to remove existing boilers and domestic hot water storage tanks to gain valuable floor space. Each energy transfer station consists of prefabricated heat exchanger units for space heating, domestic hot water heating and process heating. The energy transfer station is provided with the necessary control equipment as well as all the internal piping. The energy transfer station is designed for ease of connection to the building’s internal heating and hot water system.

Domestic hot water tanks and boilers are typically replaced with only a heat exchanger. Where the domestic hot water consumption is large, storage tanks can be used. Typically, each building includes an energy meter. These meters record district heating water flow through the energy transfer station.

By measuring the temperature difference of incoming and return water temperature, the energy usage is calculated. Prefabricated energy transfer stations with heat exchanger units for both heating and domestic hot water are available for single-family residences and small multi-family residences. They consist of brazed plate or “shell and tube” heat exchangers for both heating and domestic hot water, a circulation pump, an expansion tank, self-actuating control valves and an energy meter.

For larger buildings, the energy transfer station will be site assembled but will consist of the equipment with the same functions as for smaller buildings. If the “Detailed” costing method is selected, then the user enters the secondary distribution pipes cost per building cluster.

The model then calculates the total cost for all building clusters. The costs shown are for the supply and installation of the supply and return pipes i. The cost per meter is for two pre-insulated district heating type pipes, in a trench approximately mm deep.

It also includes the cost for the replacement of existing sidewalks. Rocky terrain or installations in areas that have many old utility services e.

Total building cluster connection cost The model calculates the total building cluster connection cost based on the ETS and secondary pipes costs per building cluster and for all the building clusters. Summary of main distribution line pipe size The model summarises the pipe sizes specified in the main distribution line sizing section. Summary of main distribution line pipe length The model calculates the total length of the main pipe for each pipe diameter.

Summary of main distribution line pipe cost If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then the model calculates the main distribution line pipe cost by pipe size categories using the Typical Costs for Heating Distribution Line Pipes graph. If the “Detailed” costing method is selected, then the user enters the main distribution line pipe cost by pipe size categories.

The model then calculates the total cost for all the main distribution line. Rocky terrain or installations in areas that have many CHP. Total district heating network cost The model calculates the total district heating network cost, which includes the total cost of secondary and main distribution pipes and the total cost of the energy transfer station s. Cooling project Site conditions Nearest location for weather data The user enters the weather station location with the most representative weather conditions for the project.

The cooling design temperature is used to determine the cooling demand. Note: The cooling design temperature values found in the RETScreen Online Weather Database were calculated based on hourly data for 12 months of the year.

The user should be aware that if they choose to modify the cooling design temperature, the monthly degree-days and the cooling loads might have to be adjusted accordingly. Degree-days for a given day represent the number of Celsius degrees that the mean temperature is above or below a given base. Non-weather dependent cooling The user enters the estimated non-weather dependent cooling demand as a percentage of the total cooling needs excluding process cooling.

Non-weather dependent loads can be cold storage for food or cooling for computer server rooms. If no non-weather dependent cooling is required, the user enters 0.

Selecting process cooling only without space cooling for “Base case cooling system” will hide this cell. Equivalent full load hours The model calculates the equivalent full load hours, which is defined as the annual total cooling demand divided by the total peak cooling load for a specific location.

This value is expressed in hours and is equivalent to the number of hours that a cooling system sized exactly for the peak cooling load would operate at rated capacity to meet the annual total cooling demand.

Typical values for the equivalent full load hours range from 1, to 4, hours for space cooling. The upper range increases if the system has a high base load cooling or process cooling load. Base case cooling system The user selects the cooling load type from the drop-down list. The example described below refers to the values presented in the Base case cooling system section example and the Proposed case district cooling network section example.

In a state-of-the-art district cooling system, thermal energy, in the form of cold water ice slurry or brine solution , is distributed from the central cooling plant to the individual buildings. The thermal energy is distributed using networks of uninsulated or insulated underground arterial pipeline main distribution line and branch pipelines secondary distribution lines.

Note that the office building cluster 4 and the apartment building cluster 5 are not put in the same building cluster as they have different cooling loads. For process cooling only, this value is entered for reference purposes only. Cooled floor area per building zone The user enters the total cooled floor space per building zone.

Note: When the user enters 0 or leaves the cooled floor area per building zone cell blank, the remaining cells of the column in this section are hidden. For process cooling only, this value is entered for reference purposes only, but it has to be entered for each building zone considered in order to enter inputs in the remaining cells of the column. The user obtains this value for each of the buildings included in the cooling system and summarises the values to enter the cluster total cooled floor area see Technical note on cooling network design.

Note: When the user enters 0 or leaves the cooled floor area per building cluster cell blank, the remaining cells of the column in this section are hidden. For process cooling only, this value is entered for reference purposes only, but it has to be entered for each building cluster considered in order to enter inputs in the remaining cells of the column. Fuel type The user selects the fuel type for the base case cooling system from the drop-down list. Seasonal efficiency The user enters the seasonal efficiency of the base case cooling system.

Typical values of cooling system efficiency are presented in the Typical Seasonal Efficiencies of Cooling Systems table. This value depends on the cooling design temperature for the specific location and on the building insulation efficiency. Peak process cooling load The user enters the peak process cooling load for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. If the process cooling load or a portion of it is weather dependent e. Process cooling load characteristics The user selects the process cooling load characteristics from the drop-down list.

If the “Standard” option is selected, the process load is assumed to be the same for each month of the year and is calculated based on the peak process cooling load and the equivalent full load hours for the process cooling load. Equivalent full load hours – process cooling The equivalent full load hours for the process cooling load is defined as the annual process cooling demand divided by the peak process cooling load. This value is expressed in hours and is equivalent to the number of hours that a cooling system sized exactly for the peak process cooling load would operate at rated capacity to meet the annual process cooling demand.

If the “Standard” option for the process cooling load characteristics is selected, the user enters the equivalent full load hours for the process cooling load. If the “Detailed” option for the process cooling load characteristics is selected, the user has to enter the percentage of time the process is operating on a monthly basis in the ” Base case load characteristics” section located at the bottom of this worksheet, and the model calculates the equivalent full load hours for the process cooling load.

Process cooling demand The model calculates the annual process cooling demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster, which is the amount of energy required for process cooling. Total cooling demand The model calculates the annual total cooling demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster.

Total peak cooling load The model calculates the annual total peak cooling load for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. It typically coincides with the warmest day of the year for space cooling applications.

Fuel consumption – annual The model calculates the annual fuel consumption for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. Fuel cost The model calculates the fuel cost for the base case cooling system. Proposed case energy efficiency measures End-use energy efficiency measures The user enters the percent of the base case cooling system’s total peak cooling load that is reduced as a result of implementing the proposed case end-use energy efficiency measures.

This value is used to calculate the cooling system load in the “Proposed case load characteristics” section located at the bottom of this worksheet, as well as the net peak cooling load and the net cooling demand for the proposed case system.

Net peak cooling load The model calculates the annual net peak cooling load for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. Net cooling demand The model calculates the annual total net cooling demand for the building, the building zone or the building cluster. Proposed case district cooling network This section is used to prepare a preliminary design and cost estimate for the proposed case district cooling network.

Steel pipes used for district cooling are typically externally coated to prevent external corrosion. Typical coating materials are bituminous, epoxy or urethane. For some soil conditions cathodic protection is added. Typically the pipes are not insulated due to the small temperature difference between the soil and the water. District cooling pipes can also be installed without expansion loops or devices.

A building cooling system design pressure is normally between 10 and 15 bar. If a building is directly connected to the distribution system the operating pressure in the system needs be able to supply the static pressure for the building and being within the maximum allowed building pressure. The pipe diameter varies depending on the cooling load of the system. The heat gains for a district cooling system vary depending on many factors such as soil temperature and level moisture content.

In the RETScreen model, heat gains have not been included as a separate line item. Cooling pipe design criteria Design supply temperature The user enters the design supply temperature for the district cooling network. Design return temperature The user enters the design return temperature for the district cooling network. A high return temperature is desirable. The design return temperature is typically about 12oC. This value is used to calculate the size of the district cooling pipes.

Main cooling distribution line The main cooling distribution line is the part of the district cooling pipe system that connects several buildings, or clusters of buildings, to the cooling plant. Main pipe network oversizing The user enters a pipe network oversizing factor. For more information, see example in the Technical note on cooling network design. The CHP. Total pipe length for main distribution line The model calculates the total pipe length for the main cooling distribution network.

Secondary cooling distribution lines The secondary distribution lines are the parts of the district cooling pipe system that connect individual buildings to the main distribution line. Secondary pipe network oversizing The user enters a pipe network oversizing factor.

For more information, see the Technical note on cooling network design. District cooling network cost Total pipe length The model calculates the total pipe length as the sum of the total pipe length for the main cooling distribution line and the total length of pipe section for the secondary cooling distribution lines. Costing method The user selects the type of costing method from the drop-down list.

The building’s cooling system is normally connected indirectly to the district cooling system via energy transfer stations located in the basement or where a chiller would normally be located. Direct systems connect the district cooling system directly to the building’s cooling system; however, there is still a cost associated to the connection of the system. Exchange rate The user enters the exchange rate to convert the calculated Canadian dollar costs into the currency in which the project costs are reported as selected at the top of the Energy Model worksheet.

Energy transfer station s cost If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then the model calculates the energy transfer station s cost for all the buildings in each cluster using the Typical Costs for Indirect Cooling Energy Transfer Station s graph. The costs shown for the energy transfer station s include supply and installation in a new building. It should be noted that building owners sometimes choose to remove existing chillers to gain valuable floor space.

Each energy transfer station consists of prefabricated heat exchanger unit. The energy transfer station is designed for ease of connection to the building’s internal cooling system. These meters record district cooling water flow through the energy transfer station. Prefabricated energy transfer stations with heat exchanger unit are available for smaller buildings. They consist of brazed plate or “shell and tube” heat exchangers for a circulation pump, an expansion tank, self-actuating control valves and an energy meter.

Secondary distribution line pipe cost If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then the secondary distribution line pipe costs for all pipes connecting each cluster to the main distribution pipe are calculated by the model using the Typical Costs for Cooling Distribution Line Pipes graph.

Total building cluster connection cost The model calculates the total building cluster connection cost based on the ETS and secondary distribution pipes costs per building cluster and for all building clusters. Summary of main distribution line pipe cost If the user selects the “Formula” costing method, then the model calculates the main distribution line pipe cost by pipe size categories using the Typical Costs for Cooling Distribution Line Pipes graph.

Total district cooling network cost The model calculates the total district cooling network cost, which includes the total cost of secondary and main distribution pipes and the total cost of the energy transfer station s.

Power project Base case power system In this section, the user provides information about the base case power system.

The user enters the power gross average load on a monthly basis and, in the case of central-grid and isolated-grid systems, the electricity rate for the base case power system, in the “Base case load characteristics” section. Grid type The user selects the grid type for the base case power system from the drop-down list. Peak load – isolated grid The user enters the peak load of the isolated-grid for reference purposes only.

Minimum load – isolated-grid The user enters the minimum load of the isolated-grid. This value is used to evaluate if electricity can be exported to the grid by the proposed case power system. Electricity can not be exported to the grid if the proposed case power system capacity exceeds the minimum load of the isolated-grid. Type The user enters the off-grid power system type considered for reference purposes only.

Depending on the selection of “Higher or Lower heating value” at the top of the Energy Model worksheet the relevant heating value will be used for the calculations. Fuel rate The user enters the fuel rate price per unit fuel for the type of fuel consumed by the base case power system. Capacity The user enters the capacity of the base case power system for reference purposes only.

Heat rate The user enters the heat rate of the base case power system. The heat rate is the amount of energy input in kJ or Btu from the fuel required to produce 1 kWh of electricity.

This value is another way of entering the electricity generation efficiency and is common practice in industry. The heat rates are typically quoted in lower heating value. The heat rate normally varies over the operating range of the equipment and this should be considered if the equipment is not operated at maximum output for most of the year. Electricity rate – base case The model calculates the average electricity rate for the base case power system.

Note that this does not include the installed cost of equipment, etc. Those costs would be treated as “Credits” in the Cost Analysis worksheet, if the proposed case power system is able to completely displace the need for the base case power system.

Total electricity cost The model calculates the total electricity cost based on the electricity demand and the electricity rate for the base case power system. Power gross average load The user enters the gross monthly average power load for the base case power system.

A “Check value” warning will appear if the value is too low – i. Note: This column is only visible if the proposed project includes power. Note: This column is only visible if “Detailed” is selected for “Process cooling load characteristics. When “Standard” process cooling load characteristics is selected, the process load is assumed to be the same for each month of the year. A period for peak load is created to take into account weather dependent loads that occur during extreme temperatures.

Note: This column is only visible if the proposed project includes cooling. Note: This column is only visible if “Detailed” is selected for “Process heating load characteristics.

When “Standard” process heating load characteristics is selected, the process load is assumed to be the same for each month of the year. Note: This column is only visible if the proposed project includes heating.

Peak load – annual The model calculates the annual peak load. Electricity demand The model calculates annual electricity demand. Electricity rate – base case The user enters the average electricity rate for the base case power system. Proposed case energy efficiency measures End-use energy efficiency measures The user enters the percent of the base case power system’s annual peak load i. This value is used to calculate the power net average load in the “Proposed case load characteristics” section, the net peak electricity load and the net electricity demand for the proposed case system.

These loads are calculated with respect to the base case system and the proposed case end-use energy efficiency measures and the type of cooling system equipment selected in the Equipment Selection worksheet. Power net average load The model calculates the net monthly average power load for the proposed case power system by multiplying the base case power system net average power load on a monthly basis by the proposed case end-use energy efficiency measures for power.

Power for cooling The model calculates the monthly average power load required by the cooling system equipment selected in the Equipment Selection worksheet. Power system load The model calculates the monthly average power system load for the proposed case power system by adding the proposed case power net average load and power for cooling load on a monthly basis. Heating net average load The model calculates the net monthly average heating load for the proposed case heating system by multiplying the base case heating system average heating load on a monthly basis by the end-use energy efficiency measures for heating.

Heat for cooling The model calculates the monthly average heat load required by the cooling system equipment selected in the Equipment Selection worksheet. Heating system load The model calculates the monthly average heating system load for the proposed case heating system by adding the proposed case heating net average load and heat for cooling load on a monthly basis. Note: At this point the user should complete the Equipment Selection worksheet.

This worksheet is also used to select the operating strategy used for the selected power generation equipment. Show alternative units In the Equipment Selection worksheet, both metric and imperial units can be shown simultaneously by ticking the “Show alternative units” check box at the top the worksheet. The values calculated in the units selected in the Energy Model worksheet are displayed in the main column and the values calculated in the alternative units are displayed in the column to the right.

Base load cooling system Type The user selects the type of base load cooling system considered from the drop-down list. Cooling is typically provided by compressors, heat pumps, absorption chillers, desiccant chillers or via free cooling. Compressors are normally centrifugal, reciprocating, screw or scroll type and are typically driven by electricity. If the proposed project includes power, the model automatically selects the power system as the compressor fuel source.

Otherwise, the user selects the fuel type. Heat pumps are often air-source or groundsource type and are typically driven by electricity. If the proposed project includes power, the model automatically selects the power system as the heat pump fuel source. Absorption and desiccant chillers are typically driven by heat. If the proposed project includes heating, the model automatically selects CHP. For free cooling, the model automatically sets the fuel source to free cooling.

For compressors, if the proposed project includes power, the model automatically selects the power system as the fuel source. For heat pumps, if the proposed project includes power, the model automatically selects the power system as the fuel source.

For absorption and desiccant chillers, if the proposed project includes heating, the model automatically selects the heating system as the fuel source. Note that the “Proposed case system load characteristics graph” can be used as a guide. Fuel type The user selects the base load cooling system fuel type from the drop-down list. Fuel rate The user enters the fuel rate price per unit fuel for the type of fuel consumed by the base load cooling system. Capacity The user enters the capacity of the base load cooling system.

The “System design graph” displayed in the Energy Model worksheet can be used as a guide. Cooling delivered The model calculates cooling delivered by the base load cooling system. Peak load cooling system The peak load cooling system is designed to meet the remaining cooling demand not met by the base load cooling system, either due to insufficient installed capacity or to cover scheduled shutdowns. Type The user selects the type of peak load cooling system considered from the drop-down list.

Selecting “Not required” will hide the entire peak load cooling system section. However, if “Not required” is selected and the Suggested capacity by the model is greater than 0, this section will not hide and the calculations made by the model will not be accurate.

Fuel type The user selects the fuel type for the peak load cooling system from the drop-down list. Fuel rate The user enters the fuel rate price per unit fuel for the type of fuel consumed by the peak load cooling system.

Suggested capacity The model calculates the suggested capacity of the peak load cooling system. Capacity The user enters the capacity of the peak load cooling system. If the capacity entered is below the model’s suggested capacity of the peak load cooling system, then it is assumed that the system cannot meet the peak cooling load at design conditions and the calculations made by the model will not be accurate. Cooling delivered The model calculates the cooling delivered by the peak load cooling system.

Biomass system, Boiler Capacity The user enters the capacity of the heating system. The percentage of the heating system capacity over the proposed case heating system peak load is calculated.

Heating delivered The model calculates the heating delivered by the heating system. The percentage of the heating delivered by the heating system over the proposed case heating system energy demand is also calculated. Seasonal efficiency The user enters the seasonal efficiency of the heating system.

Boiler type The user selects the boiler type considered from the drop-down list. Operating pressure The user enters the operating pressure of the steam boiler. Saturation temperature The model calculates the steam saturation temperature. The saturation temperature is the boiling point at the selected steam operating pressure. Superheated temperature The user enters the superheated temperature of the steam.

If superheated steam is not required, the user enters the saturation temperature calculated by the model. Superheated steam is defined as steam heated to a temperature higher than the saturation temperature while maintaining the saturation pressure. It cannot exist in contact with water, nor contain water, and resembles a perfect gas.

Superheated steam might be called surcharged steam, anhydrous steam or steam gas. Superheating of the steam also means that smaller size pipes can be used for the steam distribution system. Steam flow The model calculates the steam flow based on the capacity, the superheated temperature and return temperature.

This value is another way to express the capacity. Typically, part of the steam flow is lost in the deaerator or to blowdown. Fuel required The model calculates the fuel required per hour based on the capacity and seasonal efficiency. Fuel selection method The user selects the fuel selection method from the drop-down list.

Single fuel Selecting “Single fuel” allows the user to select one fuel from the fuel type list. Fuel type The user selects the fuel type for the system from the drop-down list. Fuel rate The user enters the fuel rate price per unit fuel for the type of fuel consumed by the system. The user assigns the 3 fuel types to the twelve months of the year. The model calculates the fuel consumption on a monthly basis. Fuel consumption – unit The model displays the unit used for the fuel types selected.

Fuel consumption The model calculates the annual fuel consumption for the fuel types selected. Fuel rate – unit The model displays the unit used for the fuel types selected.

Fuel rate The user enters the fuel rate price per unit fuel for the fuel types. Fuel cost The model calculates the annual fuel cost for the fuel types by multiplying the fuel rate by the annual fuel consumption. The total cost for the entire fuel mix is also calculated. Multiple fuels – percentage CHP. The intermediate load power system then operates under the “Operating strategy selected in the “Operating strategy” section.

Availability The user enters the availability of the power system in either hours, or percent of hours, per year. This value is used to calculate the electricity delivered to load and electricity exported to grid, to calculate the suggested capacity for the peak load power system.

Used and older equipment might have less availability. Reciprocating engine Reciprocating engines produce electricity for the power load using a generator. In addition to producing electricity, useful heat can be recovered from the exhaust gas using a heat recovery steam generator HRSG , or heat recovery system for hot water. Refer to the Reciprocating Engine Schematic for more information. Power capacity The user enters the power capacity. Typical values for reciprocating engine power capacity are presented in the Typical Reciprocating Engine Power Capacity table.

The percentage of the power capacity over the proposed case power system peak load is calculated. Minimum capacity The user enters the minimum power capacity that the power equipment can operate at, as a percentage of the “Power capacity” entered above.

If the minimum capacity exceeds the power net average load for any months, the user should adjust this value until the minimum capacity is always maintained. One way to do this is to have several smaller units, with the same total power capacity combined, running in parallel.

Electricity delivered to load The model calculates the electricity delivered to the load based on the Operating strategy selected in the “Operating strategy” section at the bottom of this worksheet. The percentage of the electricity delivered to the load over the proposed case power system energy demand is also calculated. Heat rate The user enters the heat rate of the power system. The heat rate for gas turbines varies also depending on the location i.

If the power equipment temperature is too low, only part of the heat produced can be recovered. For a low temperature heating load, the higher value can be used and for high temperature heating load, the lower value is more suitable. If the heat recovery system is for hot water, the heat recovery efficiency is typically higher than if it is for steam.

Heating capacity The model calculates the heating capacity of the power equipment based on the power capacity, the heat rate and the heat recovery efficiency. The heating capacity is the useful heat produced by the power equipment that can be recovered for the heating load. If the proposed project does not include heating or if the heating load is lower than the heating capacity, this heat has to be removed i.

Gas turbine Gas turbines produce electricity for the power load using a generator. In addition to producing electricity, useful heat can be recovered from the exhaust gas using a heat recovery steam generator HRSG , or heat recovery system for hot water, and this recovered “waste” heat can be provided to a heating load.

RETScreen Expert , een geavanceerde premium versie van de software, is geheel gratis verkrijgbaar in de Viewer-modus. Dit intelligente softwareplatform voor besluitvorming stelt managers ook in staat om gemakkelijk de feitelijke prestaties van hun voorzieningen te meten en controleren en helpt zoeken naar additionele energiebesparende en productiemogelijkheden.

RETScreen adalah sistem Perangkat Lunak Manajemen Energi Bersih untuk efisiensi energi, energi terbarukan, dan analisis kelayakan proyek kogenerasi serta analisis kinerja energi berkelanjutan. RETScreen Expert , versi premium tingkat lanjutan dari perangkat lunak ini, tersedia dalam mode Penampil secara gratis. RETScreen memberdayakan para profesional dan pengambil keputusan agar dapat dengan cepat mengidentifikasi, menilai, dan mengoptimalkan kelayakan teknis dan kelayakan keuangan proyek-proyek energi bersih.

Taka platforma inteligentnego oprogramowania ds. RETScreen ni mfumo wa Programu ya Usimamizi wa Nishati Safi wa matumizi bora ya nishati, nishati inayoweza kutumiwa tena na uchanganuzi wa mradi unaowezekana wa uzalishaji upya na hata pia uchanganuzi wa utendajikazi unaoendelea wa nishati.

RETScreen Expert , toleo mahiri la kulipiwa la programu, linapatikana katika Hali ya mtazamaji bila malipo yoyote. RETScreen huwawezesha wataalamu na wafanya maamuzi kutambua, kufikia na kuboresha uwezekano wa kiufundi na wa kifedha wa miradi ya nishati safi haraka. Ang RETScreen ay isang Software para sa Pamamahala ng Malinis na Enerhiya na sistema para sa pagka-episyente ng enerhiya, pagsusuri ng renewable na enerhiya at feasibility ng proyekto ng cogeneration at gayundin ang pagsusuri ng pagganap ng enerhiya.

RETScreen Expert , isang advanced premium na bersiyon ng software, ay available sa Viewer mode nang ganap na lobre. Ang RETScreen ay tumutulong sa mga propesyunal at mga nagsasagawa ng pagpaplano at desisyon na mabilis na matukoy, matasa, at ma-optimize ang teknikal at pinansiyal na viability ng potensiyal na mga proyekto ng malinis na enerhiya.

You will not receive a reply. For enquiries, contact us. But what if you had expert help to figure it out? Whether for commercial and institutional buildings, factories, power plants, or individual homes… Whether you want to compare your facility to similar ones or understand the financial feasibility of your proposed project… Measure its energy performance after implementation or build a portfolio of multiple facilities… RETScreen reduces the cost of getting real, viable energy projects on the ground, and helps ensure that investments continue to perform as expected over the long term.

Our world needs more clean energy. RETScreen helps get us there faster by empowering cleaner energy decisions. Report a problem on this page. Please select all that apply: A link, button or video is not working. It has a spelling mistake.

 
 

 

Retscreen User Manual – ID:5cbf75caf2dc8.

 

Embed Size px x x x x The online user manual is a Help file within the software. Reproduction This document may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or nonprofit uses, without special permission, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. Natural Resources Canada would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this report as a source. However, some of the materials and elements found in this report are subject to copyrights held by other organizations.

In such cases, some restrictions on the reproduction of materials or graphical elements may apply; it may be necessary to seek permission from the author or copyright holder prior to reproduction.

To obtain information concerning copyright ownership and restrictions on reproduction, please contact RETScreen International. Disclaimer This report is distributed for informational purposes and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Canada nor constitute and endorsement of any commercial product or person. Neither Canada nor its ministers, officers, employees or agents makes any warranty in respect to this report or assumes any liability arising out of this report.

ISBN: Catalogue no. Wind Energy Project Model Energy Model Equipment Data Cost Analysis Financial Summary Sensitivity and Risk Analysis Product Data Weather Data Cost Data Training and Support Terms of Use Website Addresses The core of the tool consists of a standardised and integrated clean energy project analysis software that can be used world-wide to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emission reductions for various types of energy efficient and renewable energy technologies RETs.

Each RETScreen technology model e. Wind Energy Project, etc. The Workbook file is in-turn composed of a series of worksheets.

These worksheets have a common look and follow a standard approach for all RETScreen models. In addition to the software, the tool includes: product, weather and cost databases; an online manual; a Website; an engineering textbook; project case studies; and a training course. Model Flow Chart Complete each worksheet row by row from top to bottom by entering values in shaded cells.

To move between worksheets simply “click” on the tabs at the bottom of each screen or on the “blue-underlined” hyperlinks built into the worksheets. Hence the user may also access the online user manual, product database and weather database by clicking on the respective icon in the floating RETScreen toolbar.

For example, to access the online user manual the user clicks on the “? The RETScreen Online User Manual, or help feature, is “cursor location sensitive” and therefore gives the help information related to the cell where the cursor is located. Cell Colour Coding The user enters data into “shaded” worksheet cells. All other cells that do not require input data are protected to prevent the user from mistakenly deleting a formula or reference cell.

The user selects the currency in which the monetary data of the project will be reported. Selecting “User-defined” allows the user to specify the currency manually by entering a name or symbol in the additional input cell that appears adjacent to the currency switch cell. To facilitate the presentation of monetary data, this selection may also be used to reduce the monetary data by a factor e.

If “None” is selected, all monetary data are expressed without units. Hence, where monetary data is used together with other units e. The user may also select a country to obtain the International Standard Organisation ISO three-letter country currency code. For example, if Afghanistan is selected from the currency switch drop-down list, all project monetary data are expressed in AFA. The first two letters of the country currency code refer to the name of the country AF for Afghanistan , and the third letter to the name of the currency A for Afghani.

For information purposes, the user may want to assign a portion of a project cost item in a second currency, to account for those costs that must be paid for in a currency other than the currency in which the project costs are reported. To assign a cost item in a second currency, the user must select the option “Second currency” from the “Cost references” drop-down list cell.

Some currency symbols may be unclear on the screen e. The user can increase the zoom to see those symbols correctly. Usually, symbols will be fully visible on printing even if not fully appearing on the screen display. If the user selects “Metric,” all input and output values will be expressed in metric units. But if the user selects “Imperial,” input and output values will be expressed in imperial units where applicable.

Only metric units are shown when they are the standard units used by the international wind energy industry e. Note that if the user switches between “Metric” and “Imperial,” input values will not be automatically converted into the equivalent selected units.

The user must ensure that values entered in input cells are expressed in the units shown. Match case Limit results 1 per page. Post on Sep views. Category: Documents 0 download. Rapport Impact of Retscreen. Chuong Trinh Retscreen. Introduction to RETScreen. Instalando sofware. Hardwarey sofware. Patente sofware. Sofware educativo. Sofware ERP. Presentation Retscreen Fr. Cours Manuel Retscreen.

 
 

 
 

The online user manual is a Help file within the software. Reproduction This document may be reproduced in whole or in part in any form for educational or nonprofit uses, without special permission, provided acknowledgment of the source is made. Natural Resources Canada would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this report as a source. However, some of the materials and elements found in this report are subject to copyrights held by other organizations.

In such cases, some restrictions on the reproduction of materials or graphical elements may apply; it may be necessary to seek permission from the author or copyright holder prior to reproduction. To obtain information concerning copyright ownership and restrictions on reproduction, please contact RETScreen International.

Disclaimer This report is distributed for informational purposes and does not necessarily reflect the views of the Government of Canada nor constitute and endorsement of any commercial product or person. Neither Canada nor its ministers, officers, employees or agents makes any warranty in respect to this report or assumes any liability arising out of this report.

ISBN: Catalogue no. The core of the tool consists of a standardised and integrated clean energy project analysis software that can be used world-wide to evaluate the energy production, life-cycle costs and greenhouse gas emission reductions for various types of energy efficient and renewable energy technologies RETs.

Each RETScreen technology model e. Wind Energy Project, etc. The Workbook file is in-turn composed of a series of worksheets.

These worksheets have a common look and follow a standard approach for all RETScreen models. In addition to the software, the tool includes: product, weather and cost databases; an online manual; a Website; an engineering textbook; project case studies; and a training course.

Model Flow Chart Complete each worksheet row by row from top to bottom by entering values in shaded cells. To move between worksheets simply “click” on the tabs at the bottom of each screen or on the “blue-underlined” hyperlinks built into the worksheets. Hence the user may also access the online user manual, product database and weather database by clicking on the respective icon in the floating RETScreen toolbar. For example, to access the online user manual the user clicks on the “?

Cell Colour Coding The user enters data into “shaded” worksheet cells. All other cells that do not require input data are protected to prevent the user from mistakenly deleting a formula or reference cell. The user selects the currency in which the monetary data of the project will be reported. Selecting “User-defined” allows the user to specify the currency manually by entering a name or symbol in the additional input cell that appears adjacent to the currency switch cell.

To facilitate the presentation of monetary data, this selection may also be used to reduce the monetary data by a factor e. If “None” is selected, all monetary data are expressed without units. Hence, where monetary data is used together with other units e. The user may also select a country to obtain the International Standard Organisation ISO threeletter country currency code.

For example, if Afghanistan is selected from the currency switch drop-down list, all project monetary data are expressed in AFA. The first two letters of the country currency code refer to the name of the country AF for Afghanistan , and the third letter to the name of the currency A for Afghani. For information purposes, the user may want to assign a portion of a project cost item in a second currency, to account for those costs that must be paid for in a currency other than the currency in which the project costs are reported.

To assign a cost item in a second currency, the user must select the option “Second currency” from the “Cost references” drop-down list cell. Some currency symbols may be unclear on the screen e. The user can increase the zoom to see those symbols correctly. Usually, symbols will be fully visible on printing even if not fully appearing on the screen display.

If the user selects “Metric,” all input and output values will be expressed in metric units. But if the user selects “Imperial,” input and output values will be expressed in imperial units where applicable. Only metric units are shown when they are the standard units used by the international wind energy industry e. Note that if the user switches between “Metric” and “Imperial,” input values will not be automatically converted into the equivalent selected units.

The user must ensure that values entered in input cells are expressed in the units shown. This is done so that the user does not save-over the “master” file. Instead, the user should use the “File, Save As” option. The user can then save the file on a hard drive, diskette, CD, etc. However, it is recommended to save the files in the “MyFiles” directory automatically set by the RETScreen installer program on the hard drive.

The download procedure is presented in the following figure. It is important to note that the user should not change directory names or the file organisation automatically set by RETScreen installer program. Also, the main RETScreen program file and the other files in the “Program” directory should not be moved. The workbooks have been formatted for printing the worksheets on standard “letter size” paper with a print quality of dpi.

If the printer being used has a different dpi rating then the user must change the print quality dpi rating by selecting “File, Page Setup, Page and Print Quality” and then selecting the proper dpi rating for the printer. Otherwise the user may experience quality problems with the printed worksheets. The Energy Model and Equipment Data worksheets are completed first.

The Cost Analysis worksheet should then be completed, followed by the Financial Summary worksheet. The Sensitivity worksheet is provided to help the user estimate the sensitivity of important financial indicators in relation to key technical and financial parameters. In general, the user works from top-down for each of the worksheets. This process can be repeated several times in order to help optimise the design of the wind energy project from an energy use and cost standpoint.

In addition to the worksheets that are required to run the model, the Introduction worksheet and Blank Worksheets 3 are included in the Wind Energy Project Workbook file. The Introduction worksheet provides the user with a quick overview of the model. Blank Worksheets 3 are provided to allow the user to prepare a customised RETScreen project analysis.

For example, the worksheets can be used to enter more details about the project, to prepare graphs and to perform a more detailed sensitivity analysis. Results are calculated in common megawatt-hour MWh units for easy comparison of different technologies. Site Conditions The site conditions associated with estimating the annual energy production of a wind energy project are detailed below. Project name The user-defined project name is given for reference purposes only. Project location The user-defined project location is given for reference purposes only.

Wind data source The user selects the wind data source that will be used by the model to perform the calculations. The options from the drop-down list are: “Wind speed” and “Wind power density. If “Wind power density” is selected, the user enters the annual wind power density for a given height.

Nearest location for weather data The user enters the weather station location with the most representative weather conditions for the project. This information is given for reference purposes only.

The wind power density specified here must be based on an air density of 1. The user may obtain the wind power density from wind maps or calculate it based on measured wind speeds. Height of wind power density The user enters the height from the ground for which the annual wind power density was calculated. This value is used to calculate the wind speed at this level and the average wind speed at the hub height of the wind turbine.

Annual average wind speed The user enters the annual average wind speed measured at or near the proposed site. This value is used to calculate the average wind speed at the hub height of the wind turbine which is then used to calculate the annual energy production.

Most of these data should only be used as a starting point for a sensitivity analysis. Data from the RETScreen Online Weather Database should be considered conservatively given that it reports data for a location that has usually not been identified and picked for its optimal wind power potential. Wind surveying in the vicinity of the weather station would lead to a site with a better average wind speed than the value provided in the RETScreen Online Weather Database.

Hence, project site data, when available, should always be used in place of the data provided in the RETScreen Online Weather Database. Height of wind measurement The user enters the height from the ground at which the annual average wind speed was measured. This value is used to calculate the average wind speed at the hub height of the wind turbine. For stations for which the height of wind measurement is not available from the RETScreen Weather Database, the user should conduct a sensitivity analysis for this value using 3 m as the most conservative value and 10 m as the most probable value.

The average wind speed will typically have been measured at a height of 3 to m, with 10 m being most common. Any measurement at a height of less than 3 m should be corroborated by another source of data given the strong influence terrain roughness and obstacles will have on measurements that close to the ground.

Availability and installation of wind measuring equipment for heights of 50 m or more is becoming more common as technological innovation is increasing the height at which wind turbines are now installed.

Wind shear exponent The user enters the wind shear exponent, which is a dimensionless number expressing the rate at which the wind speed varies with the height above the ground.

A low exponent corresponds to a smooth terrain whereas a high exponent is typical of a terrain with sizeable obstacles. This value is used to calculate the average wind speed at the wind turbine hub height and at 10 m.

The wind shear exponent typically ranges from 0. The low end of the range corresponds to a smooth terrain e. A wind shear of 0. The high end of the range 0. A value of 0. Wind speed at 10 m The model calculates the wind speed at the 10 m level in order to provide a common basis to compare two sites for which the wind speed has been measured at different heights.

A level of 10 m is the standard height for a typical meteorological station to measure the wind. The 10 m wind speed is calculated using the annual average wind speed, the height of measurement and the wind shear exponent. Average atmospheric pressure The user enters the average atmospheric pressure on an annual basis.

The power available from the wind depends upon this value. This value is used to calculate the pressure coefficient WIND. The average atmospheric pressure is inversely proportional to the altitude. The average atmospheric pressure typically ranges from 60 to kPa.